CÁCH VIẾT LẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1, 2, 3 & BÀI TẬP

Viết lại câu điều kiện 1, 2, 3 là dạng bài tập ôn luyện và xuất hiện phổ biến trong kỳ thi tiếng Anh. Tuy nhiên, có nhiều bạn vẫn chưa nắm vững được cách làm để chinh phục được dạng đề này. Hãy cùng Langmaster ôn tập kỹ hơn kiến thức về các loại câu điều kiện cũng như phương pháp viết lại câu trong bài viết bên dưới nhé! 

1. Tóm tắt kiến thức về câu điều kiện 1, 2, 3

Câu điều kiện được dùng để đưa ra một giả thiết về một sự việc chỉ xảy ra khi điều kiện được nói đến xuất hiện. Câu điều kiện bao gồm 2 mệnh đề: Mệnh đề điều kiện (mệnh đề IF) và mệnh đề kết quả (mệnh đề chính).

1.1 Câu điều kiện loại 0 

Câu điều kiện loại 0 diễn tả một sự thật, chân lý hiển nhiên trong cuộc sống xảy ra dưới một điều kiện tự nhiên. Cấu trúc: If + S + V, S + V

Ví dụ: If you heat ice, it melts. (Nếu bạn làm nóng đá, nó sẽ tan chảy.)

1.2. Câu điều kiện loại 1

Câu điều kiện loại 1 được sử dụng khi muốn nói đến một hành động, sự việc nào đó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc trong tương lai với một điều kiện nhất định. Cấu trúc: 

If + S + V (s/es), S + can/will/shall…… + V-inf

Ví dụ: If it rains heavily, I will stay at home for a whole day. (Nếu trời mưa lớn thì tôi sẽ ở nhà cả ngày.)

1.3 Câu điều kiện loại 2

Câu điều kiện loại 2 được dùng để diễn tả tình huống trái với thực tế, không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại. Trong mệnh đề IF ở câu điều kiện loại 2, động từ tobe luôn được chia thành “were”. Cấu trúc: 

If + S + V2/ Ved, S + could/ would/ should…+ V-inf

Ví dụ: If I were you, I would help Linda with her homework. (Nếu tôi là cậu, tôi sẽ giúp Linda làm bài tập.)

1.4 Câu điều kiện loại 3

Câu điều kiện loại 3 diễn tả tình huống không có thật trong quá khứ, đưa ra một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ. Cấu trúc:

If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + could/ would… + have + V3/Ved

Ví dụ: 

If I had known that it was Anna’s birthday, I would have bought her a present. (Tôi mà biết hôm đó là sinh nhật của Anna, thì tôi đã mua quà cho cô ấy rồi.)

1.5 Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp

Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp diễn tả những sự việc trái ngược với thực tế trong quá khứ và giả định kết quả nếu những việc đó thực sự xảy ra. Cấu trúc: 

If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + would + V-inf…

Ví dụ: If Linh had done her homework last night, she wouldn’t be punished today. (Nếu tối qua Linh làm xong bài tập thì hôm nay cô ấy sẽ không bị phạt.)

2. Các dạng viết lại câu điều kiện

2.1 Viết lại câu dùng IF

Cách nhận dạng: Đề bài sẽ cho hai vế câu, thường được nối với nhau bởi các liên từ như so, that’s why, because.

Cách làm bài: 

• Cả hai vế câu ở thì tương lai đơn => viết lại câu dùng IF loại 1 (không phủ định).

Ví dụ: I will go to the supermarket. I will buy a toy for my son. 

=> If I go to the supermarket, I will buy a toy for my son.

• Nếu một vế thì hiện tại, vế còn lại ở thì tương lai hoặc hiện tại => viết lại câu dùng IF loại 2 (phủ định lại mệnh đề trong câu).

Ví dụ: Lan doesn’t help her mom cook dinner. Her mom is angry now. 

=> If Lan helped her mom cook dinner, her mom wouldn’t be angry. 

• Nếu câu đề bài có thì quá khứ đơn => viết lại câu dùng IF loại 3 (phủ định).

Ví dụ: San didn’t tell her the truth. She was so disappointed about him. 

=> If San had told her the truth, she wouldn’t have been so disappointed about him.

• Thay “if” ngay vị trí “because”, nếu câu đề bài ở thể khẳng định thì khi viết lại, chúng ta sẽ chuyển thành phủ định và ngược lại. 

Ví dụ: I can’t go out with Jack because it is rainy. => If it weren’t rainy, I could go out with Jack. 

• Với so, that’s why trong câu đề bài, khi viết lại câu, “if” sẽ ở mệnh đề ngược lại. 

Ví dụ: Kai doesn’t have driving license. That’s why he can’t drive a car. 

=> If Kai had a driving license, he could drive a car. 

2.2 Viết lại câu dùng Unless

• Cấu trúc: Unless = If… not
• Cách làm bài: Thay “Unless” vào chỗ “If”, bỏ “not”, vế còn lại giữ nguyên.

Ví dụ: If she doesn’t invite Jack to the party, I won’t help her prepare the food. 

=> Unless she invites Jack to the party, I won’t help her prepare the food. 

2.3 Viết lại câu từ cấu trúc có “without” sang “if”

• Cách làm bài: Sử dụng cấu trúc If… not

Ví dụ: Without your help, I couldn’t finish the project on time.

= If you didn’t help me, I couldn’t finish the project on time.

[banner=11]

>> ĐĂNG KÝ CÁC KHOÁ HỌC TIẾNG ANH

• Khóa học tiếng Anh giao tiếp TRỰC TUYẾN 1 kèm 1
• Khóa học tiếng Anh giao tiếp dành riêng cho người đi làm
• Khóa học tiếng Anh giao tiếp TRỰC TUYẾN NHÓM
• Test trình độ tiếng Anh miễn phí
• Đăng ký nhận tài liệu tiếng Anh

2.4 Viết lại câu đổi từ or, otherwise sang câu có if

• Cấu trúc có or, otherwise: Câu mệnh lệnh + or/ otherwise + S + will…
• Cách làm bài: Bắt đầu bằng cụm “If you don’t…” (bỏ or hoặc otherwise).

Ví dụ: Hurry up, otherwise you will be late for school. (Nhanh lên hoặc là cậu sẽ trễ học.)

=> If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late for school. 

2.5 Viết lại câu từ cấu trúc “But for” sang “If”

• Cấu trúc “But for”: But for + noun phrase/V-ing, S + V…
• Cách làm bài: Thay “But for” bằng “If it weren’t for”, giữ nguyên phần còn lại.

Ví dụ: But for Anna’s help, he couldn’t have done his math homework.

=> If it weren’t for Anna’s help, he couldn’t have done his math homework. (Nếu không phải là nhờ sự giúp đỡ của Anna, anh ấy đã không làm xong bài tập toán.)

2. Bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện loại 1, 2, 3

Bài tập 1. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi 

1. Jackson doesn’t live in Japan because he doesn’t know anyone there.

→ Jackson would

2. Lily doesn’t have any spare tickets. She can’t take me to the concert. 

→ If Lyly

3. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find any right solution. 

→ If they

4. Jack drinks too much alcohol every day, that’s why his stomach is not good. 

→ If Jack

5. Hana didn’t have breakfast, so she feels very hungry now.

→ If Hana

6. The weather won’t rain. We will go camping in the forest.

→ If the weather

7. Ran can’t lose weight because she doesn't exercise regularly.

→ If Ran

8. Jimmy didn’t answer the phone because he was studying. 

→ If Jimmy

9. John is exhausted today because he didn’t sleep well last night.

→ If John

10. Sarah can’t park near her office, that’s why she doesn’t come by car. 

→ If Sarah

11. I don’t know Lana’s email address, so I can’t send her the document. 

→ If I

12. Karen is not tall enough to join the basketball team.

→ If Karen

13. Ronald doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop the car.

→ If he

14. Peter gets bad marks today because he didn’t prepare his lessons well.

→ If Peter

15. Mary doesn’t save enough money. She can’t buy a new home.

→ If Mary 

16. Go right now or you’ll be late for the bus.

→ If you

17. Karik doesn’t apply for the job because he doesn’t have an IELTS certificate. 

→ If 

18. Hurry up, or we will be late for work.

→ If we

19. They don’t understand you because you don’t want to talk to them.

→ If you

20. Without your help, I couldn’t find her address so quickly. 

→ If 

21. Shut up, otherwise, you can’t follow what the teacher is saying.

→ If

22. But for the heavy rain, we would have a good picnic on Sunday.

→ If 

23. Unless Nam apologizes to me, I won’t talk to him again.

→ If

24. Melly was sick, so she couldn’t take part in the contest.

→ If 

25. Lam doesn’t like spicy food, that’s why he doesn’t eat any food at the party.

→ If 

26. If it weren’t for the traffic jam, we would go to the meeting on time. 

→ But for

27. If you didn’t help me, I couldn’t find my dog.

→ Without

28. If he doesn’t submit the project, he won't graduate.

→ Unless

29. If it weren’t for his sickness, he would come to help you.

→ But for

30. I won’t tell her the truth if you agree to help me with this job.

→ Unless

Đáp án:

1. Jackson would live in Japan if he knew someone there.

2. If Lily had a spare ticket, she’d take me to the concert.

3. If they understood the problem, they’d find the right solution.

4. If Jack didn’t drink too much alcohol, his stomach would be good. 

5. If Hana had had breakfast, she wouldn’t be hungry now.

6. If the weather doesn't rain, we will go camping in the forest. 

7. If Ran did exercise regularly, she could lose weight. 

8. If Jimmy hadn’t been studying, he’d have answered the phone.

9. If John had slept well last night, he wouldn’t be exhausted today.

10. If Sarah could park near her office, she’d come by car.

11. If I knew Lana's e-mail address, I could send her the document.

12. If Karen were tall enough, he would join the basketball team.

13. If Ronald saw the signal, he’d stop the car.

14. If Peter had prepared his lessons well, he wouldn’t get bad marks today.

15. If Mary saved enough money, she’d buy a new home.

16. If you don’t go right now, you’ll be late for the bus.

17. If Karen had an IELTS certificate, he’d apply for the job.

18. If we don’t hurry, we’ll be late for work.

19. If you wanted to talk to them, they’d understand you.

20. If you didn't help me, I couldn’t find her address so quickly. 

21. If you don’t shut up, you can’t follow what the teacher is saying.

22. If it weren’t for the heavy rain, we would have a good picnic on Sunday.

23. If Nam doesn’t apologize to me, I won’t talk to him again.

24. If Melly hadn't been sick, she could have taken part in the contest.

25. If Lam liked spicy food, she would eat some food at the party.

26. But for the traffic jam, we would go to the meeting on time. 

27. Without your help, I couldn’t find my dog.

28. Unless he submits the project, he won't graduate.

29. But for his sickness, he would come to help you.

30. Unless you agree to help me with this job, I will tell her the truth. 

Xem thêm:

• BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1 (CÓ ĐÁP ÁN)
  
• BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2 (CÓ ĐÁP ÁN)
  
• BÀI TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3 (CÓ ĐÁP ÁN)
  

Bài tập 2. Viết lại các câu sau theo cấu trúc câu điều kiện

1. My mom cannot make dinner because she feels very tired today.

2. He was so aggressive in love, so he lost her.

3. Jane helps me finish the project, so I plan to invite her to a small party.

4. You cannot understand her because you don’t try to talk to her.

5. His brother is hospitalized for treatment because he drinks too much alcohol. 

6. Kim doesn’t like K-pop, so she won’t spend money buying tickets for the concert.

7. Jack becomes so arrogant because he has many fangirls. 

8. My health improves quickly because I exercise every day.

9. I didn’t have dinner with my family, so I feel very hungry now.

10. David got fired because he was too lazy to work.

11. Stay away from this area or I’ll report the police.

12. You always complain about everyone’s mistakes, that’s why I am not happy to work in a team with you.

13. Follow the instructions otherwise you will ruin the cake.

14. People will not go camping when it is heavily snowy. 

15. I love music, that's why I organized this show.

16. Lisa doesn’t feel happy when that guy suddenly shows up at the party.

17. They will come to this party because you sent an invitation to them.

18. John doesn’t speak Chinese well, so he won’t have the opportunity to attend a meeting with his Chinese partner. 

19. His mother did not reveal the secret so soon, that’s why he wouldn’t know it. 

20. You shouldn't accept her invitation to the birthday party. 

Đáp án:

1. If my mom didn’t feel very tired today, she could make dinner.

2. If he hadn’t been so aggressive in love, he wouldn’t have lost her.

3. If Jane didn’t help me finish the project, I wouldn’t plan to invite her to a small party.

4. If you tried to talk to her, you could understand her.

5. If his brother didn’t drink too much alcohol, he wouldn’t be hospitalized for treatment.

6. If Kim liked K-pop music, she would spend money buying tickets for the concert.

7. If Jack didn’t have many fangirls, he wouldn’t become so arrogant.

8. If I didn’t exercise every day, I couldn't improve my health quickly.

9. If I had had dinner with my family, I wouldn’t feel very hungry now.

10. If David hadn’t been too lazy to work, he wouldn’t have gotten fired.

11. If you stay away from this area, I won't report the police.

12. If you didn’t always complain about everyone's mistakes, I would be happy to work in a team with you.

13. If you follow the instructions, you won't ruin the cake.

14. If it weren’t heavily snowy, people would go camping.

15. If I didn’t love music, I wouldn’t organize this show.

16. Lisa would feel very happy if that guy didn't show up suddenly at the party.

17. If you hadn't sent an invitation to them, they would not come to this party.

18. If John spoke Chinese well, he would have the opportunity to attend a meeting with the Chinese partner.

19. He would have known this secret if his mother had revealed it so soon.

20. If I were you, I wouldn't accept her invitation to the birthday party. 

[banner=10]

Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu điều kiện bằng dạng đảo ngữ

Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng cấu trúc đảo ngữ câu điều kiện:

1. If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.
2. If I were you, I would buy a new car.
3. If she had known the truth, she would have told him.
4. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
5. If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.
6. If you need any help, just call me.
7. If I were a bird, I could fly.
8. If she had not been so careless, she would not have broken the vase.
9. If he had listened to my advice, he would not be in trouble now.
10. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

Đáp án:

1. Had he studied harder, he would have passed the exam.
2. Were I you, I would buy a new car.
3. Had she known the truth, she would have told him.
4. Should it rain tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
5. Had they left earlier, they would have caught the train.
6. Should you need any help, just call me.
7. Were I a bird, I could fly.
8. Had she not been so careless, she would not have broken the vase.
9. Had he listened to my advice, he would not be in trouble now.
10. Should you study hard, you will pass the exam.

Bài tập 4: Viết lại câu điều kiện bằng các cấu trúc thông dụng

1. If he studies hard, he will pass the exam.

   • Dùng Unless: Unless he studies hard, he won't pass the exam.
   • Dùng otherwise: He will pass the exam, otherwise he will study hard.

2. If you don't hurry up, you will be late for school.

   • Dùng Unless: Unless you hurry up, you will be late for school.
   • Dùng otherwise: You will be late for school, otherwise you will hurry up.

3. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.

   • Dùng Unless: Unless it rains tomorrow, we will have the picnic.
   • Dùng otherwise: We will have the picnic, otherwise it will rain tomorrow.

4. If she doesn't apologize, I won't forgive her.

   • Dùng Unless: Unless she apologizes, I won't forgive her.
   • Dùng otherwise: I won't forgive her, otherwise she will apologize.

5. If you eat too much, you will get fat.

   • Dùng Unless: Unless you eat less, you will get fat.
   • Dùng otherwise: You will get fat, otherwise you will eat less.

6. Without your help, I couldn't have finished this project.

   • Dùng If: If you hadn't helped me, I couldn't have finished this project.

7. But for her advice, I would have made a mistake.

   • Dùng If: If she hadn't advised me, I would have made a mistake.

8. Hurry up, or we will miss the bus.

   • Dùng If: If you don't hurry up, we will miss the bus.

9. Let's go to the beach, or we can stay at home.

   • Dùng If: If we don't want to go to the beach, we can stay at home.

10. Study hard, or you will fail the exam.

• Dùng If: If you don't study hard, you will fail the

Xem thêm: Bài tập viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi lớp 7

Trên đây là phần hướng dẫn cách làm bài và một số bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện loại 1, 2, 3 để các bạn có thể tham khảo. Hãy thường xuyên ôn luyện và củng cố kiến thức bằng cách làm nhiều bài tập để thành thạo cách viết lại câu điều kiện nhé!