[TỔNG HỢP] TỪ VỰNG IELTS READING THEO CHỦ ĐỀ THƯỜNG GẶP

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Từ loại

Phiên âm

Dịch nghĩa

Ví dụ

Curriculum

n

/kəˈrɪkjələm/

chương trình giảng dạy

The national curriculum was revised to incorporate environmental studies as a compulsory subject. 

Internships

n

/ˈɪntɜːnʃɪps/

thực tập

Internships are increasingly viewed as a bridge between academic knowledge and practical workplace demands. 

Assess

v

/əˈses/

đánh giá

Researchers assess students’ performance using standardized literacy tests across multiple regions.

Diploma

n

/dɪˈpləʊmə/

bằng cấp

In many countries, a diploma is considered essential for securing stable employment.

Facilitate

v

/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/

tạo điều kiện

Online platforms facilitate access to higher education for students in remote areas. 

Professor

n

/prəˈfesər/

giáo sư

The professor published several influential papers on educational psychology. 

Attendance

n

/əˈtendəns/

sự tham dự/chuyên cần

School attendance rates rose significantly after government subsidies were introduced.

Lecture

n

/ˈlektʃər/

bài giảng

Public lectures in the 18th century played a crucial role in spreading scientific knowledge. 

Collaborate

v

/kəˈlæbəreɪt/

hợp tác

Universities collaborate with industries to ensure graduates possess relevant skills. 

Enrollment

n

/ɪnˈrəʊlmənt/

sự đăng ký học

University enrollment has expanded rapidly in developing nations since the 1990s. 

Motivate

v

/ˈməʊtɪveɪt/

động viên

Financial incentives are often used to motivate teachers to work in rural areas. 

Literacy

n

/ˈlɪtərəsi/

khả năng đọc viết

Literacy rates improved dramatically after the introduction of free primary education. 

Demonstrate

v

/ˈdemənstreɪt/

trình bày

The study demonstrates the positive correlation between early childhood education and cognitive development. 

Comprehensive

adj

/ˌkɒmprɪˈhensɪv/

toàn diện

A comprehensive education system must address both academic knowledge and vocational skills. 

Resource

n

/rɪˈsɔːs/

tài nguyên

Limited educational resources remain a challenge in many low-income countries. 

Major

n

/ˈmeɪdʒər/

ngành học chính

Engineering remains the most popular major among international students.

Present

v

/prɪˈzent/

trình bày

The report presents data on gender disparities in access to higher education. 

Critical

adj

/ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

phê bình

Critical thinking skills are often emphasized as essential outcomes of tertiary education. 

Distance learning

n

/ˈdɪstəns ˈlɜːnɪŋ/

học từ xa

Distance learning enables working adults to pursue further qualifications. 

Facilitator

n

/fəˈsɪlɪteɪtər/

người hỗ trợ giảng dạy

In modern pedagogy, the teacher acts more as a facilitator than a lecturer. 

Acquire

v

/əˈkwaɪər/

tiếp thu

Children acquire language skills most rapidly during early childhood. 

Academic

adj

/ˌækəˈdemɪk/

thuộc học thuật

Academic achievement is often influenced by socio-economic background. 

Instruct

v

/ɪnˈstrʌkt/

hướng dẫn

The manual instructs teachers on how to implement the new assessment methods. 

Participate

v

/pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/

tham gia

Students are required to participate in community service as part of the program. 

Discipline

n

/ˈdɪsəplɪn/

kỷ luật

Strict discipline in schools during the Victorian era reflected broader social norms. 

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Emission

n

/ɪˈmɪʃən/

sự thải ra

Vehicle emissions are responsible for nearly 30% of urban air pollution.

Deforestation

n

/dɪˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən/

phá rừng

Rapid deforestation has accelerated soil erosion in mountainous regions.

Biodiversity

n

/ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/

đa dạng sinh học

Biodiversity loss can destabilise entire ecosystems. 

Conservation

n

/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən/

bảo tồn

Conservation efforts have successfully restored several endangered species. 

Pollution

n

/pəˈluːʃən/

ô nhiễm

Plastic pollution has been detected even in remote polar regions. 

Sustainability

n

/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/

tính bền vững

Sustainability has become a key principle in modern agriculture. 

Ecosystem

n

/ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm/

hệ sinh thái

Coral reefs are among the most complex ecosystems on the planet. 

Contamination

n

/kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃən/

sự ô nhiễm

Groundwater contamination often goes undetected for decades. 

Overconsumption

n

/ˌəʊvəkənˈsʌmpʃən/

tiêu thụ quá mức

Overconsumption of natural resources threatens long-term stability. 

Habitat

n

/ˈhæbɪtæt/

môi trường sống

Urbanisation has destroyed the natural habitats of many native species.

Renewable energy

n

/rɪˈnjuːəbl ˈɛnədʒi/

năng lượng tái tạo

Renewable energy now accounts for nearly 20% of global electricity production. 

Carbon footprint

n

/ˌkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/

lượng khí thải carbon

Companies are increasingly required to disclose their carbon footprint. 

Degrade

v

/dɪˈɡreɪd/

làm suy thoái

Industrial waste continues to degrade river ecosystems. 

Conserve

v

/kənˈsɜːv/

bảo tồn

Governments are urged to conserve water supplies during droughts. 

Emit

v

/ɪˈmɪt/

thải ra

Power plants emit vast quantities of greenhouse gases each year. 

Recycle

v

/riːˈsaɪkl/

tái chế

Many households still fail to recycle even basic materials like glass. 

Contaminate

v

/kənˈtæmɪneɪt/

làm ô nhiễm

Toxic chemicals leaked from factories can contaminate soil for decades. 

Sustain

v

/səˈsteɪn/

duy trì

The ecosystem can no longer sustain its original wildlife population. 

Endangered

adj

/ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/

có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng

Several endangered species are now under strict protection. 

Toxic

adj

/ˈtɒksɪk/

độc hại

Toxic substances released into the atmosphere can cause respiratory illnesses. 

Sustainable

adj

/səˈsteɪnəbl/

bền vững

Sustainable farming practices help maintain soil fertility. 

Biodegradable

adj

/ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/

có thể phân hủy sinh học

Biodegradable packaging reduces the long-term impact of waste. 

Endemic

adj

/enˈdemɪk/

đặc hữu

Many endemic species are found only in isolated island ecosystems. 

Excessive

adj

/ɪkˈsesɪv/

quá mức

Excessive use of fertilisers can contaminate water sources. 

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Immunity

n

/ɪˈmjuːnəti/

khả năng miễn dịch

Childhood vaccination significantly boosts immunity against infectious diseases. 

Obesity

n

/əʊˈbiːsəti/

béo phì

Childhood obesity rates have tripled over the past four decades. 

Nutrition

n

/njuˈtrɪʃən/

dinh dưỡng

Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in cognitive development. 

Diagnosis

n

/ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/

chẩn đoán

Early diagnosis allows doctors to treat diseases more effectively. 

Infection

n

/ɪnˈfekʃən/

nhiễm trùng

Hospital-acquired infections remain a major concern in intensive care units. 

Metabolism

n

/məˈtæbəlɪzəm/

trao đổi chất

Physical exercise helps accelerate metabolism and burn calories.

Epidemic

n

/ˌepɪˈdemɪk/

dịch bệnh

The epidemic spread rapidly due to a lack of public awareness.)

Healthcare

n

/ˈhelθkeə/

chăm sóc sức khỏe

Universal healthcare systems aim to provide equal access to medical treatment. 

Symptom

n

/ˈsɪmptəm/

triệu chứng

Persistent coughing is a common symptom of respiratory infections. 

Therapy

n

/ˈθerəpi/

liệu pháp

Cognitive behavioral therapy is widely used to treat anxiety disorders. 

Vaccinate

v

/ˈvæksɪneɪt/

tiêm phòng

Governments vaccinate millions of children each year to prevent outbreaks. 

Transmit

v

/trænsˈmɪt/

lây truyền

Viruses can be transmitted through contaminated water sources. (Vi rút có thể lây truyền qua các nguồn nước bị ô nhiễm.)

Treat

v

/triːt/

điều trị

Antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections. 

Prevent

v

/prɪˈvent/

ngăn ngừa

Regular exercise can prevent many chronic diseases. 

Recover

v

/rɪˈkʌvə/

hồi phục

Most patients recover fully within two weeks after surgery. 

Strengthen

v

/ˈstreŋθən/

củng cố

A balanced diet helps strengthen the immune system. 

Chronic

adj

/ˈkrɒnɪk/

mãn tính

Chronic illnesses such as diabetes require lifelong management. 

Contagious

adj

/kənˈteɪdʒəs/

dễ lây lan

Influenza is highly contagious, especially in crowded environments. 

Nutritious

adj

/njuˈtrɪʃəs/

bổ dưỡng

Nutritious meals are essential for maintaining overall health. 

Sedentary

adj

/ˈsedəntri/

ít vận động

A sedentary lifestyle is strongly linked to cardiovascular diseases. 

Vulnerable

adj

/ˈvʌlnərəbl/

dễ bị tổn thương

Elderly people are particularly vulnerable to seasonal flu. 

Immune

adj

/ɪˈmjuːn/

miễn nhiễm

Some individuals are naturally immune to certain viruses. 

Balanced

adj

/ˈbælənst/

cân bằng

A balanced lifestyle includes both physical activity and mental relaxation. 

Diagnose

v

/ˈdaɪəɡnəʊz/

chẩn đoán

Doctors can diagnose certain conditions using simple blood tests. 

Malnutrition

n

/ˌmælnjuːˈtrɪʃən/

suy dinh dưỡng

Malnutrition remains a major challenge in low-income regions.

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Nuclear family

n

/ˈnjuːklɪə ˈfæməli/

gia đình hạt nhân

In many industrialised nations, the nuclear family has become more common than extended households.

Extended family

n

/ɪkˈstendɪd ˈfæməli/

gia đình nhiều thế hệ

Extended families often provide stronger emotional support for children. 

Sibling rivalry

n

/ˈsɪblɪŋ ˈraɪvəlri/

sự cạnh tranh giữa anh chị em

Sibling rivalry can significantly influence a child's emotional development.

Parental authority

n

/pəˈrentl ɔːˈθɒrəti/

quyền uy của cha mẹ

A decline in parental authority is often blamed for behavioural problems among teenagers.

Foster care

n

/ˈfɒstər keə/

chăm sóc thay thế

Many children in foster care face challenges in forming stable relationships.

Custody

n

/ˈkʌstədi/

quyền nuôi con

Courts typically grant custody to the parent who can provide a more stable environment. 

Household responsibilities

n

/ˈhaʊshəʊld rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪlɪtiz/

trách nhiệm trong gia đình

The unequal distribution of household responsibilities often leads to marital tensions.

Upbringing

n

/ˈʌpˌbrɪŋɪŋ/

sự nuôi dạy

A strict upbringing can sometimes produce disciplined but emotionally distant adults. 

Generation gap

n

/ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn ɡæp/

khoảng cách thế hệ

The generation gap has widened due to rapid technological change. 

Domestic conflict

n

/dəˈmestɪk ˈkɒnflɪkt/

mâu thuẫn gia đình

Prolonged domestic conflict can negatively affect children's academic performance. 

Discipline

v

/ˈdɪsəplɪn/

kỷ luật / rèn luyện

Parents discipline their children in various ways depending on cultural norms. 

Nurture

v

/ˈnɜːtʃə/

nuôi dưỡng

It is essential to nurture emotional intelligence from an early age. (Điều quan trọng là nuôi dưỡng trí tuệ cảm xúc từ khi còn nhỏ.)

Inherit

v

/ɪnˈherɪt/

thừa hưởng

Children may inherit certain personality traits from their parents. 

Resolve

v

/rɪˈzɒlv/

giải quyết

Family mediation services help resolve disputes without legal intervention. 

Support

v

/səˈpɔːt/

hỗ trợ

Grandparents often support working parents by taking care of grandchildren. 

Protective

adj

/prəˈtektɪv/

bảo vệ

Highly protective parenting may unintentionally limit a child's independence. 

Neglectful

adj

/nɪˈɡlektfəl/

sao nhãng, thiếu quan tâm

Neglectful parenting is associated with low academic achievement. 

Supportive

adj

/səˈpɔːtɪv/

ủng hộ

Supportive family environments are linked to higher self-confidence.

Dysfunctional

adj

/dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənl/

bất ổn, rối loạn

Children raised in dysfunctional families often struggle with communication skills. 

Overprotective

adj

/ˌəʊvəprəˈtektɪv/

bao bọc quá mức

Overprotective parents may hinder their children's decision-making abilities. 

Bond

v

/bɒnd/

gắn kết

Shared experiences help family members bond more deeply.

Conflict

v

/ˈkɒnflɪkt/

xung đột

Parents may conflict over different approaches to discipline. 

Elderly

adj

/ˈeldəli/

cao tuổi

Elderly family members often rely on younger relatives for daily assistance. 

Cooperative

adj

/kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/

hợp tác

A cooperative attitude between spouses can greatly improve family harmony. 

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Tourism revenue

n

/ˈtʊərɪzəm ˈrevənjuː/

doanh thu du lịch

Tourism revenue plays a vital role in supporting local economies. 

Mass tourism

n

/mæs ˈtʊərɪzəm/

du lịch đại trà

Mass tourism often leads to overcrowding and environmental degradation. 

Travel restriction

n

/ˈtrævəl rɪˈstrɪkʃən/

hạn chế đi lại

Many countries imposed travel restrictions during the pandemic. 

Travel brochure

n

/ˈtrævəl ˈbrəʊʃə/

tờ quảng cáo du lịch

Travel brochures often exaggerate the beauty of destinations. 

Departure lounge

n

/dɪˈpɑːtʃə laʊndʒ/

phòng chờ khởi hành

Passengers waited for hours in the departure lounge due to flight delays. 

Travel companion

n

/ˈtrævəl kəmˈpænjən/

bạn đồng hành

A trustworthy travel companion can make long journeys more enjoyable. 

Border control

n

/ˈbɔːdə kənˈtrəʊl/

kiểm soát biên giới

Strict border control measures were implemented to prevent illegal entry. 

Navigate

v

/ˈnævɪɡeɪt/

định hướng, tìm đường

Tourists often rely on digital maps to navigate unfamiliar cities. 

Book

v

/bʊk/

đặt trước

Travelers are advised to book tickets early to avoid price increases.

Encounter

v

/ɪnˈkaʊntər/

bắt gặp, trải qua

Backpackers may encounter various challenges when travelling alone. 

Wanderlust

n

/ˈwɒndəlʌst/

đam mê du lịch

His strong sense of wanderlust drives him to explore remote regions. 

Transit hub

n

/ˈtrænzɪt hʌb/

trung tâm trung chuyển

Singapore is considered a major transit hub in Southeast Asia. 

Turbulence

n

/ˈtɜːbjʊləns/

sự rung lắc (máy bay)

Severe turbulence caused panic among passengers during the flight. 

Unwind

v

/ʌnˈwaɪnd/

thư giãn

Many people travel to coastal areas to unwind after months of hard work. 

Detour

v

/ˈdiːtʊə/

đi đường vòng

The bus had to detour due to road construction. 

Scenic

adj

/ˈsiːnɪk/

có cảnh đẹp

The scenic route along the coast attracts countless photographers. 

Luxurious

adj

/lʌɡˈʒʊərɪəs/

xa hoa

Luxurious resorts cater to wealthy international visitors. 

Pristine

adj

/ˈprɪstiːn/

hoang sơ, nguyên vẹn

Pristine beaches are increasingly threatened by commercial development. 

Crowded

adj

/ˈkraʊdɪd/

đông đúc

Historic landmarks are often too crowded during peak season. 

Remote

adj

/rɪˈməʊt/

hẻo lánh

Remote islands are becoming more accessible due to improved transport infrastructure. 

Sustainable tourism

n

/səˈsteɪnəbl ˈtʊərɪzəm/

du lịch bền vững

Sustainable tourism promotes the protection of natural and cultural resources. 

Overcharge

v

/ˌəʊvəˈtʃɑːdʒ/

chặt chém

Tourists are often overcharged by local vendors in popular destinations.

Relocate

v

/ˌriːləʊˈkeɪt/

di chuyển / tái định cư

Some residents were forced to relocate due to tourism development projects. 

Influx

n

/ˈɪnflʌks/

dòng người đổ vào

The sudden influx of tourists led to a shortage of accommodation. 

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Artificial intelligence

n

/ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/

trí tuệ nhân tạo

Artificial intelligence is increasingly applied in healthcare diagnosis.

Automation

n

/ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃən/

tự động hóa

Automation has significantly reduced the need for manual labor in factories.

Cybersecurity

n

/ˌsaɪbəsɪˈkjʊərəti/

an ninh mạng

Companies are investing heavily in cybersecurity to protect user data.

Digital divide

n

/ˈdɪdʒɪtl dɪˈvaɪd/

khoảng cách số

The digital divide remains a major obstacle in rural education systems.

Data breach

n

/ˈdeɪtə briːtʃ/

rò rỉ dữ liệu

A recent data breach exposed the personal information of thousands of users.

Surveillance

n

/səˈveɪləns/

giám sát

Public concerns are rising over government surveillance through digital platforms.

Innovation

n

/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/

sự đổi mới

Technological innovation is essential for economic competitiveness.

Device

n

/dɪˈvaɪs/

thiết bị

Most households now own multiple electronic devices.

Lag

v

/læɡ/

tụt hậu

Developing countries often lag behind in technological infrastructure.

Disrupt

v

/dɪsˈrʌpt/

phá vỡ, làm gián đoạn

Digital platforms have disrupted traditional retail models.

Upgrade

v

/ˈʌpɡreɪd/

nâng cấp

Users are encouraged to upgrade their software regularly for security reasons.

Hack

v

/hæk/

tấn công mạng

Criminals attempted to hack into the company’s financial system.

Addictive

adj

/əˈdɪktɪv/

gây nghiện

Social media platforms are intentionally designed to be addictive.

Cutting-edge

adj

/ˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒ/

tiên tiến

Cutting-edge technologies are being used to develop autonomous vehicles.

Portable

adj

/ˈpɔːtəbəl/

di động

Portable devices allow employees to work from anywhere.

Cloud-based

adj

/klaʊd beɪst/

dựa trên đám mây

Cloud-based storage enables users to access files remotely.

User-friendly

adj

/ˌjuːzə ˈfrendli/

thân thiện với người dùng

The new software interface is more user-friendly than the previous version.

Connectivity

n

/ˌkɒnekˈtɪvəti/

khả năng kết nối

Strong internet connectivity is crucial for remote learning.

Encryption

n

/ɪnˈkrɪpʃən/

mã hóa

Encryption techniques ensure that sensitive information remains secure.

Biotechnology

n

/ˌbaɪəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi/

công nghệ sinh học

Biotechnology has revolutionised medical research.

Virtual reality

n

/ˌvɜːtjʊəl riˈæləti/

thực tế ảo

Virtual reality is used to simulate real-world scenarios in pilot training.

Algorithm

n

/ˈælɡərɪðəm/

thuật toán

Social media algorithms determine which content users see first.

Redundant

adj

/rɪˈdʌndənt/

dư thừa, bị thay thế

Many workers have become redundant due to automated systems.

Tech-savvy

adj

/tek ˈsævi/

am hiểu công nghệ

Young generations are generally more tech-savvy than older ones.

Digital footprint

n

/ˈdɪdʒɪtl ˈfʊtprɪnt/

dấu vết số

Individuals should be aware of the consequences of their digital footprint.

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Athletic performance

n

/æθˈletɪk pəˈfɔːməns/

thành tích thể thao

Athletic performance can be enhanced through proper training and nutrition.

Endurance

n

/ɪnˈdjʊərəns/

sức bền

Long-distance runners require high levels of endurance to maintain speed.

Team cohesion

n

/tiːm kəʊˈhiːʒən/

sự gắn kết đội nhóm

Team cohesion plays a crucial role in achieving consistent victories.

Spectator

n

/spekˈteɪtə/

khán giả

Thousands of spectators gathered to watch the championship match.

Officiate

v

/əˈfɪʃieɪt/

làm trọng tài

The match was officiated by an experienced referee.

Compete

v

/kəmˈpiːt/

thi đấu

Athletes from over fifty countries competed in the tournament.

Enhance

v

/ɪnˈhɑːns/

cải thiện

Technology is increasingly used to enhance training efficiency.

Injure

v

/ˈɪndʒə/

bị thương

The player was injured during a high-impact collision.

Physical

adj

/ˈfɪzɪkəl/

thuộc về thể chất

Regular physical exercise reduces the risk of chronic diseases.

Competitive

adj

/kəmˈpetɪtɪv/

mang tính cạnh tranh

Competitive sports help individuals develop discipline and resilience.

Sedentary lifestyle

n

/ˈsedəntri ˈlaɪfstaɪl/

lối sống ít vận động

A sedentary lifestyle is linked to obesity and cardiovascular problems.

Stamina

n

/ˈstæmɪnə/

sức chịu đựng

Swimmers must build stamina through intensive daily practice.

Doping

n

/ˈdəʊpɪŋ/

sử dụng chất cấm

Several athletes were disqualified after failing doping tests.

Sponsorship

n

/ˈspɒnsəʃɪp/

tài trợ

Sponsorship deals have turned major sports into profitable industries.

Fanbase

n

/ˈfænbeɪs/

lượng người hâm mộ

The club’s global fanbase continues to expand rapidly.

Referee

n

/ˌrefəˈriː/

trọng tài

The referee made several controversial decisions during the match.

Compulsory

adj

/kəmˈpʌlsəri/

bắt buộc

Physical education is compulsory in most school curriculums.

Spectacular

adj

/spekˈtækjʊlə/

ngoạn mục

The final match ended with a spectacular comeback.

Promote

v

/prəˈməʊt/

thúc đẩy

Governments promote sports participation to improve public health.

Venue

n

/ˈvenjuː/

địa điểm thi đấu

The Olympic Games were held at a newly constructed venue.

Amateur

adj

/ˈæmətə/

nghiệp dư

Amateur athletes often compete without financial rewards.

Professional

adj

/prəˈfeʃənl/

chuyên nghiệp

Professional leagues attract significant media coverage.

Substitution

n

/ˌsʌbstɪˈtjuːʃən/

thay người

A late substitution changed the course of the entire game.

Tackle

v

/ˈtækəl/

truy cản (trong thể thao)

The defender attempted to tackle the opponent but missed.

Resilience

n

/rɪˈzɪliəns/

khả năng phục hồi

Athletes must show resilience after experiencing defeat.

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Genre

n

/ˈʒɒnrə/

thể loại (nhạc)

Classical music remains one of the most enduring genres in history.

Melody

n

/ˈmelədi/

giai điệu

The song’s simple melody made it easy to remember.

Lyrics

n

/ˈlɪrɪks/

lời bài hát

Many teenagers relate deeply to the emotional lyrics of pop songs.

Symphony

n

/ˈsɪmfəni/

bản giao hưởng

Beethoven’s symphonies are performed in concert halls worldwide.

Orchestra

n

/ˈɔːkɪstrə/

dàn nhạc giao hưởng

The orchestra rehearsed for weeks before the live broadcast.

Composer

n

/kəmˈpəʊzə/

nhà soạn nhạc

Mozart is considered one of the greatest composers of all time.

Headphones

n

/ˈhedfəʊnz/

tai nghe

Many people now use headphones to block out external noise.

Streaming platform

n

/ˈstriːmɪŋ ˈplætfɔːm/

nền tảng phát trực tuyến

Streaming platforms have transformed the way music is consumed.

Acoustic

adj

/əˈkuːstɪk/

thuộc âm thanh tự nhiên

Acoustic performances often sound more authentic than studio versions.

Nostalgic

adj

/nɒˈstældʒɪk/

hoài niệm

Old songs can evoke nostalgic feelings among listeners.

Uplifting

adj

/ʌpˈlɪftɪŋ/

truyền cảm hứng

Uplifting music is commonly used in motivational advertisements.

Repetitive

adj

/rɪˈpetətɪv/

lặp đi lặp lại

Some critics argue that modern pop music is overly repetitive.

Resonate

v

/ˈrezəneɪt/

vang vọng / chạm tới

Meaningful lyrics often resonate with people experiencing hardship.

Compose

v

/kəmˈpəʊz/

sáng tác

She began composing music at the age of twelve.

Hum

v

/hʌm/

ngân nga

He hummed quietly while working to stay focused.

Amplify

v

/ˈæmplɪfaɪ/

khuếch đại

Loudspeakers amplify the sound to reach larger audiences.

Audience

n

/ˈɔːdiəns/

khán giả

The audience applauded enthusiastically at the end of the concert.

Choir

n

/ˈkwaɪə/

dàn hợp xướng

The church choir performed a traditional hymn.

Festival

n

/ˈfestɪvl/

lễ hội

Music festivals attract thousands of international visitors each year.

Earworm

n

/ˈɪəwɜːm/

bài hát gây ám ảnh

That catchy tune is such an earworm — I can’t stop singing it.

Mainstream

adj

/ˈmeɪnstriːm/

đại chúng

Some musicians refuse to follow mainstream trends.

Virtual concert

n

/ˈvɜːtjʊəl ˈkɒnsət/

buổi hòa nhạc trực tuyến

During lockdowns, many artists held virtual concerts to engage with fans.

Soundproof

adj

/ˈsaʊndpruːf/

cách âm

Recording studios must be completely soundproof.

Vocalist

n

/ˈvəʊkəlɪst/

ca sĩ hát chính

The band’s lead vocalist has an exceptionally powerful voice.

Harmonious

adj

/hɑːˈməʊniəs/

hài hòa

The harmonious blend of instruments created a relaxing atmosphere.

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Extrovert

n

/ˈekstrəvɜːt/

người hướng ngoại

Extroverts tend to thrive in social environments and collaborative jobs.

Introvert

n

/ˈɪntrəvɜːt/

người hướng nội

Introverts often prefer solitary activities to recharge their energy.

Optimistic

adj

/ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/

lạc quan

An optimistic attitude can improve mental resilience.

Pessimistic

adj

/ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/

bi quan

A pessimistic outlook may hinder personal growth.

Empathy

n

/ˈempəθi/

sự thấu cảm

Empathy enables individuals to understand others’ emotions.

Resilience

n

/rɪˈzɪliəns/

sự kiên cường

Psychological resilience helps people recover from adversity.

Impulsiveness

n

/ɪmˈpʌlsɪvnəs/

sự bốc đồng

Impulsiveness can lead to poor decision-making.

Humble

adj

/ˈhʌmbl/

khiêm tốn

Despite his achievements, he remains humble and approachable.

Arrogant

adj

/ˈærəɡənt/

kiêu ngạo

His arrogant behaviour alienated many of his colleagues.

Compassionate

adj

/kəmˈpæʃənət/

nhân hậu

Compassionate leaders often gain the loyalty of their teams.

Stubborn

adj

/ˈstʌbən/

bướng bỉnh

Children can be stubborn when asked to change routines.

Diligent

adj

/ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/

chăm chỉ, cần cù

Diligent workers are often rewarded with promotions.

Manipulative

adj

/məˈnɪpjʊlətɪv/

thích điều khiển người khác

Manipulative individuals may exploit others for personal gain.

Assertive

adj

/əˈsɜːtɪv/

quyết đoán

Being assertive helps in negotiating workplace conflicts.

Moody

adj

/ˈmuːdi/

dễ thay đổi cảm xúc

Teenagers are often stereotyped as moody.

Altruistic

adj

/ˌæltruˈɪstɪk/

vị tha

Altruistic behaviour is commonly observed in community volunteers.

Cynical

adj

/ˈsɪnɪkəl/

hay nghi ngờ, yếm thế

Some people adopt a cynical attitude towards political promises.

Charisma

n

/kəˈrɪzmə/

sức hút

Politicians with strong charisma often gain public support easily.

Conscientious

adj

/ˌkɒnsiˈenʃəs/

tận tâm

Conscientious individuals pay close attention to detail.

Temperament

n

/ˈtempərəmənt/

khí chất, tính khí

Personality is partly shaped by genetic temperament.

Jealous

adj

/ˈdʒeləs/

ghen tuông

Jealous behaviour can damage romantic relationships.

Generous

adj

/ˈdʒenərəs/

hào phóng

Generous individuals often donate to charity.

Reckless

adj

/ˈrekləs/

liều lĩnh

Reckless drivers pose serious risks on the road.

Sociable

adj

/ˈsəʊʃəbl/

hòa đồng

Sociable people enjoy meeting new acquaintances.

Reserved

adj

/rɪˈzɜːvd/

kín đáo, ít nói

He is polite but rather reserved in unfamiliar settings.

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Precipitation

n

/prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/

lượng mưa

Annual precipitation has decreased significantly due to climate change.

Humidity

n

/hjuːˈmɪdəti/

độ ẩm

High humidity can make temperatures feel much hotter than they actually are.

Heatwave

n

/ˈhiːtweɪv/

đợt nắng nóng

Prolonged heatwaves have led to widespread health warnings.

Drought

n

/draʊt/

hạn hán

Severe droughts threaten global food production.

Blizzard

n

/ˈblɪzəd/

bão tuyết

Flights were cancelled due to a powerful blizzard.

Hailstorm

n

/ˈheɪlstɔːm/

mưa đá

The hailstorm caused extensive damage to crops and vehicles.

Forecast

n

/ˈfɔːkɑːst/

dự báo thời tiết

According to the weather forecast, heavy rainfall is expected tomorrow.

Microclimate

n

/ˈmaɪkrəʊˌklaɪmət/

tiểu khí hậu

Urban areas often have a distinctly warmer microclimate.

Flood-prone

adj

/flʌd prəʊn/

dễ bị ngập lụt

Flood-prone regions require better drainage systems.

Scorching

adj

/ˈskɔːtʃɪŋ/

oi bức, nắng như đổ lửa

Tourists struggled to walk under the scorching sun.

Overcast

adj

/ˈəʊvəkɑːst/

u ám

The sky remained overcast throughout the afternoon.

Chilly

adj

/ˈtʃɪli/

se lạnh

It gets quite chilly at night despite the sunny daytime.

Drizzle

v

/ˈdrɪzəl/

mưa phùn

It was only drizzling, but people still opened their umbrellas.

Soak

v

/səʊk/

làm ướt sũng

The sudden rainfall soaked commuters on their way home.

Evaporate

v

/ɪˈvæpəreɪt/

bốc hơi

Water evaporates quickly in hot climates.

Gusty

adj

/ˈɡʌsti/

gió mạnh từng cơn

The gusty wind made cycling extremely difficult.

Torrential

adj

/təˈrenʃəl/

như trút nước

Torrential rain triggered landslides in mountainous regions.

Unpredictable

adj

/ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbl/

khó lường

The region’s weather is notoriously unpredictable.

Lightning

n

/ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/

tia chớp

Lightning struck a tree near the village during the storm.

Frost

n

/frɒst/

sương giá

The morning frost covered all the rooftops in white.

Avalanche

n

/ˈævələntʃ/

tuyết lở

Ski resorts implement safety measures to prevent avalanches.

Temperature fluctuation

n

/ˈtemprətʃər ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃən/

sự dao động nhiệt độ

Extreme temperature fluctuations affect agricultural productivity.

Meteorologist

n

/ˌmiːtiəˈrɒlədʒɪst/

nhà khí tượng học

Meteorologists use satellite data to track storm movements.

Shade

n

/ʃeɪd/

bóng râm

People sought shade under trees to escape the afternoon heat.

Downpour

n

/ˈdaʊnpɔː/

trận mưa như trút

A sudden downpour caught pedestrians off guard.

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Workforce

n

/ˈwɜːkfɔːs/

lực lượng lao động

The ageing population poses challenges for maintaining a stable workforce.

Promotion

n

/prəˈməʊʃən/

sự thăng tiến

Opportunities for promotion are limited in smaller companies.

Internship

n

/ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/

kỳ thực tập

Many graduates rely on internships to gain practical experience.

Automation

n

/ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃən/

tự động hóa

Automation is expected to replace millions of routine jobs.

Freelance

adj

/ˈfriːlæns/

làm nghề tự do

Freelance work offers flexibility but lacks job security.

Entrepreneur

n

/ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː/

doanh nhân

Many entrepreneurs start their careers with limited resources.

Job satisfaction

n

/ˌdʒɒb ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən/

sự hài lòng trong công việc

Job satisfaction is often linked to work-life balance.

Colleague

n

/ˈkɒliːɡ/

đồng nghiệp

Maintaining good relationships with colleagues is essential in collaborative environments.

Overtime

n

/ˈəʊvətaɪm/

làm thêm giờ

Excessive overtime can lead to burnout.

Resignation

n

/ˌrezɪɡˈneɪʃən/

sự từ chức

The sudden resignation of the CEO shocked the entire company.

Recruit

v

/rɪˈkruːt/

tuyển dụng

Firms often recruit fresh graduates for entry-level positions.

Evaluate

v

/ɪˈvæljueɪt/

đánh giá

Candidates are evaluated based on experience and qualifications.

Negotiate

v

/nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/

thương lượng

Employees should learn to negotiate their salaries effectively.

Collaborate

v

/kəˈlæbəreɪt/

hợp tác

Remote teams use digital tools to collaborate efficiently.

Dedicated

adj

/ˈdedɪkeɪtɪd/

tận tâm

She is known as a dedicated employee who always meets deadlines.

Ambitious

adj

/æmˈbɪʃəs/

tham vọng

Ambitious individuals tend to advance quickly in their careers.

Skilled

adj

/skɪld/

có tay nghề

Skilled workers are in high demand across many industries.

Redundant

adj

/rɪˈdʌndənt/

bị sa thải (do thừa nhân sự)

Thousands of employees were made redundant after the merger.

Workload

n

/ˈwɜːkləʊd/

khối lượng công việc

A heavy workload can negatively affect mental health.

Work ethic

n

/ˈwɜːk ˌeθɪk/

đạo đức nghề nghiệp

Employers often value a strong work ethic over formal qualifications.

Vocational

adj

/vəʊˈkeɪʃənəl/

thuộc về nghề nghiệp

Vocational training equips students with practical skills.

Leadership

n

/ˈliːdəʃɪp/

khả năng lãnh đạo

Leadership qualities are crucial for managerial roles.

Flexible

adj

/ˈfleksəbl/

linh hoạt

Flexible working hours attract younger employees.

Salary cap

n

/ˈsæləri kæp/

giới hạn lương

Some industries impose a strict salary cap to reduce inequality.

Retire

v

/rɪˈtaɪə/

nghỉ hưu

Many people choose to retire early to pursue personal interests.

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Productivity

n

/ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/

năng suất

Flexible schedules have been shown to improve overall productivity in both study and work environments.

Assignment

n

/əˈsaɪnmənt/

bài tập, nhiệm vụ

University students often struggle to balance part-time jobs with academic assignments.

Internship

n

/ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/

kỳ thực tập

Many graduates secure full-time employment after completing an internship.

Remote working

n

/rɪˈməʊt ˈwɜːkɪŋ/

làm việc từ xa

Remote working has become increasingly common in the post-pandemic era.

Commuting

n

/kəˈmjuːtɪŋ/

việc đi lại

Long commuting times can lead to fatigue and reduced concentration.

Multitasking

n

/ˌmʌltiˈtæskɪŋ/

làm nhiều việc cùng lúc

Excessive multitasking can decrease efficiency rather than improve it.

Internship placement

n

/ˈpleɪsmənt/

vị trí thực tập

Internship placements provide students with practical industry exposure.

Scholarship

n

/ˈskɒləʃɪp/

học bổng

She received a full scholarship to study abroad.

Work placement

n

/ˈwɜːk ˌpleɪsmənt/

chương trình thực tập nghề nghiệp

Work placements help students gain professional experience before graduating.

Peer support

n

/pɪə səˈpɔːt/

hỗ trợ từ bạn bè

Peer support plays a vital role in reducing academic stress.

Productivity tools

n

/prɒdʌkˈtɪvəti tuːlz/

công cụ hỗ trợ công việc

Many companies encourage staff to use productivity tools like task managers and online planners.

Collaboration

n

/kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən/

sự hợp tác

Online platforms facilitate real-time collaboration among remote teams.

Time management

n

/taɪm ˈmænɪdʒmənt/

quản lý thời gian

Effective time management is essential for balancing study and work commitments.

Part-time

adj

/ˌpɑːtˈtaɪm/

bán thời gian

Many students take part-time jobs to cover living expenses.

Internship programme

n

/ˈprəʊɡræm/

chương trình thực tập

Large corporations often run internship programmes to recruit young talent.

Supervisor

n

/ˈsuːpəvaɪzə/

người giám sát

Supervisors provide guidance during both academic research and workplace projects.

Professional development

n

/prəˌfeʃənl dɪˈveləpmənt/

phát triển nghề nghiệp

Many organisations offer professional development courses to improve employee skills.

Academic workload

n

/ˈwɜːkləʊd/

khối lượng học tập

Excessive academic workload is a leading cause of burnout among university students.

Apprenticeship

n

/əˈprentɪʃɪp/

học việc

Apprenticeships combine classroom learning with hands-on training.

Mentor

n

/ˈmentɔː/

người cố vấn

Having a mentor can accelerate both academic and career progression.

Research project

n

/rɪˈsɜːtʃ ˈprɒdʒekt/

dự án nghiên cứu

Final-year students are required to complete a research project before graduation.

Work ethic

n

/ˈwɜːk ˌeθɪk/

đạo đức nghề nghiệp

Employers value candidates who demonstrate a strong work ethic.

Assessment

n

/əˈsesmənt/

đánh giá

Continuous assessments often replace traditional exams in modern education systems.

Overtime

n

/ˈəʊvətaɪm/

làm thêm giờ

Employees who work excessive overtime may experience mental exhaustion.

Distance learning

n

/ˈdɪstəns ˈlɜːnɪŋ/

học từ xa

Distance learning provides access to education for people with full-time jobs.

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Offense / Offence

n

/əˈfens/

hành vi phạm tội

Minor offenses are often punished with fines rather than imprisonment.

Felony

n

/ˈfeləni/

trọng tội

He was charged with a felony for armed robbery.

Misdemeanor

n

/ˌmɪsdɪˈmiːnər/

tội nhẹ

Some misdemeanors can still lead to a criminal record.

Convict

v

/kənˈvɪkt/

kết án

The jury convicted him of fraud after a lengthy trial.

Sentence

v

/ˈsentəns/

tuyên án

She was sentenced to ten years in prison.

Life imprisonment

n

/laɪf ɪmˈprɪzənmənt/

tù chung thân

Life imprisonment is considered a more humane alternative to capital punishment.

Capital punishment

n

/ˈkæpɪtl ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

án tử hình

Many countries have abolished capital punishment due to ethical concerns.

Rehabilitation

n

/ˌriːəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən/

cải tạo, phục hồi

Rehabilitation programmes aim to reintegrate criminals into society.

Deterrent

n

/dɪˈterənt/

biện pháp răn đe

Strict laws serve as a deterrent to potential offenders.

Recidivism

n

/rɪˈsɪdɪvɪzəm/

tái phạm

Rehabilitation is believed to reduce recidivism rates.

Juvenile delinquency

n

/ˈdʒuːvənaɪl dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi/

tội phạm vị thành niên

Poverty and lack of education can lead to juvenile delinquency.

Burglary

n

/ˈbɜːɡləri/

trộm đột nhập

The rise in burglary has alarmed local residents.

Vandalism

n

/ˈvændəlɪzəm/

phá hoại tài sản công

CCTV cameras have reduced vandalism in public areas.

Fraud

n

/frɔːd/

lừa đảo

Online fraud has become increasingly sophisticated.

Blackmail

n

/ˈblækmeɪl/

tống tiền

He was arrested for attempting to blackmail a politician.

Defendant

n

/dɪˈfendənt/

bị cáo

The defendant pleaded not guilty to all charges.

Prosecutor

n

/ˈprɒsɪkjuːtə/

công tố viên

The prosecutor presented strong evidence against the suspect.

Witness

n

/ˈwɪtnəs/

nhân chứng

Several witnesses testified during the trial.

Investigate

v

/ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt/

điều tra

The police are investigating the cause of the incident.

Testify

v

/ˈtestɪfaɪ/

làm chứng

He refused to testify in court without legal protection.

Fine

v

/faɪn/

phạt tiền

Drivers caught speeding are usually fined on the spot.

Confiscate

v

/ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt/

tịch thu

Illegal weapons were confiscated during the raid.

Law-abiding

adj

/ˈlɔː əˌbaɪdɪŋ/

tuân thủ pháp luật

Most citizens are law-abiding and support strict regulations.

Illicit

adj

/ɪˈlɪsɪt/

bất hợp pháp

The police seized a shipment of illicit drugs.

Lenient

adj

/ˈliːniənt/

khoan hồng

Some argue that lenient punishments fail to deter serious crimes.

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Từ loại

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Ví dụ

Cuisine

n

/kwɪˈziːn/

ẩm thực (phong cách nấu ăn)

Mediterranean cuisine is widely praised for its health benefits.

Nutrient

n

/ˈnjuːtriənt/

chất dinh dưỡng

Fresh vegetables provide essential nutrients for growth and immunity.

Additive

n

/ˈædətɪv/

chất phụ gia

Many processed foods contain artificial additives to enhance flavour.

Preservation

n

/ˌprezəˈveɪʃən/

bảo quản thực phẩm

Traditional food preservation methods include drying and smoking.

Obesity

n

/əʊˈbiːsəti/

béo phì

Childhood obesity has become a growing public health concern.

Malnutrition

n

/ˌmælnjuˈtrɪʃən/

suy dinh dưỡng

Malnutrition is common in regions affected by famine.

Organic

adj

/ɔːˈɡænɪk/

hữu cơ

Organic products are often more expensive but perceived as healthier.

Processed

adj

/ˈprəʊsɛst/

chế biến sẵn

Excessive consumption of processed foods is linked to chronic diseases.

Refreshing

adj

/rɪˈfreʃɪŋ/

sảng khoái

A glass of iced lemonade can be very refreshing on a hot day.

Savoury

adj

/ˈseɪvəri/

mặn (đồ ăn)

Savoury snacks are often high in sodium.

Beverage

n

/ˈbevərɪdʒ/

đồ uống

Soft drinks remain the most consumed beverage among teenagers.

Appetite

n

/ˈæpɪtaɪt/

sự thèm ăn

Stress can either increase or decrease appetite.

Hydrate

v

/ˈhaɪdreɪt/

cung cấp nước

Athletes are advised to hydrate regularly during exercise.

Ferment

v

/fəˈment/

lên men

Grapes are fermented to produce wine.

Season

v

/ˈsiːzən/

nêm nếm

The chef seasoned the dish with herbs and pepper.

Flavourful

adj

/ˈfleɪvəfʊl/

đậm đà hương vị

Slow cooking makes the stew incredibly flavourful.

Gluten-free

adj

/ˌɡluːtən ˈfriː/

không chứa gluten

Gluten-free products cater to people with celiac disease.

Aromatic

adj

/ˌærəˈmætɪk/

thơm nức

Aromatic spices are commonly used in Indian recipes.

Indulge

v

/ɪnˈdʌldʒ/

nuông chiều bản thân (ăn uống)

People often indulge in sweets during holidays.

Brew

v

/bruː/

pha (trà, bia)

The tea was freshly brewed using local herbs.

Refrigerate

v

/rɪˈfrɪdʒəreɪt/

làm lạnh

Leftovers should be refrigerated to prevent spoilage.

Dairy product

n

/ˈdeəri ˈprɒdʌkt/

sản phẩm từ sữa

Dairy products are rich in calcium.

Balanced diet

n

/ˌbælənst ˈdaɪət/

chế độ ăn cân bằng

A balanced diet should include proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

Culinary skill

n

/ˈkʌlɪnəri skɪl/

kỹ năng nấu ăn

Culinary skills are essential for those pursuing a career in hospitality.

Portion control

n

/ˈpɔːʃən kənˈtrəʊl/

kiểm soát khẩu phần

Portion control can help prevent overeating.

Từ vựng

Từ loại

Phiên âm

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

Orchard

n

/ˈɔːtʃəd/

vườn cây ăn quả

Many farmers rely on apple orchards as their main source of income.

Harvest season

n

/ˈhɑːvɪst ˈsiːzən/

mùa thu hoạch

The harvest season for citrus fruits usually begins in late autumn.

Perishable

adj

/ˈperɪʃəbl/

dễ hư hỏng

Fruits are highly perishable and require refrigerated transportation.

Ripeness

n

/ˈraɪpnəs/

độ chín

Fruit ripeness determines its sweetness and nutritional value.

Tropical fruit

n

/ˈtrɒpɪkl fruːt/

trái cây nhiệt đới

Tropical fruits such as mangoes and pineapples are popular in export markets.

Citrus

n

/ˈsɪtrəs/

họ cam quýt

Citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C and antioxidants.

Peel

v

/piːl/

gọt vỏ

Some people prefer to peel apples before eating them.

Seedless

adj

/ˈsiːdləs/

không hạt

Seedless grapes are more convenient for children.

Juicy

adj

/ˈdʒuːsi/

mọng nước

The peaches were so ripe and juicy that they dripped when bitten.

Antioxidant

n

/ˌæntiˈɒksɪdənt/

chất chống oxy hóa

Berries are packed with natural antioxidants that prevent cell damage.

Cultivate

v

/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/

trồng trọt

The region is ideal for cultivating dragon fruit.

Fertiliser

n

/ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə/

phân bón

Organic fertilisers are used to enhance soil quality in fruit farming.

Export commodity

n

/ˈekspɔːt kəˈmɒdəti/

mặt hàng xuất khẩu

Bananas are a major export commodity in many tropical countries.

Genetically modified

adj

/dʒəˌnetɪkli ˈmɒdɪfaɪd/

biến đổi gen

Some consumers avoid genetically modified fruits due to health concerns.

Preservative

n

/prɪˈzɜːvətɪv/

chất bảo quản

Dried fruits often contain preservatives to extend shelf life.

Orchardist

n

/ˈɔːtʃədɪst/

người trồng cây ăn quả

Modern orchardists use technology to monitor fruit quality.

Sweetness level

n

/ˈswiːtnəs ˈlevl/

độ ngọt

The sweetness level of grapes is measured before harvesting.

Pesticide residue

n

/ˈpestɪsaɪd ˈrezɪdjuː/

dư lượng thuốc trừ sâu

Consumers are increasingly concerned about pesticide residue on fresh fruits.

Freshly squeezed

adj

/ˈfreʃli skwiːzd/

ép tươi

Many cafés offer freshly squeezed orange juice.

Fibre-rich

adj

/ˈfaɪbə rɪtʃ/

giàu chất xơ

Fibre-rich fruits aid digestion and support weight loss.

Peelable

adj

/ˈpiːləbl/

dễ bóc vỏ

Mandarins are popular among children because they are easily peelable.

Seasonal produce

n

/ˈsiːzənl ˈprɒdjuːs/

nông sản theo mùa

Seasonal produce is often fresher and more affordable.

Exotic fruit

n

/ɪɡˈzɒtɪk fruːt/

trái cây lạ

Exotic fruits such as rambutan attract curious consumers abroad.

Ripen

v

/ˈraɪpən/

chín (trái cây)

Mangoes are left in the sun to ripen naturally.

Dehydrated fruit

n

/ˌdiːhaɪˈdreɪtɪd fruːt/

trái cây sấy khô

Dehydrated fruit is a convenient snack for travellers.

Từ vựng

Từ loại

Phiên âm

Nghĩa

Ví dụ

Commuter

n

/kəˈmjuːtə/

người di chuyển hàng ngày (đi làm/đi học)

Millions of commuters rely on public transport to get to work.

Congestion

n

/kənˈdʒestʃən/

tắc nghẽn giao thông

Road congestion is a major issue in urban areas.

Infrastructure

n

/ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃə/

cơ sở hạ tầng

Developing transport infrastructure is essential for economic growth.

Public transit

n

/ˈpʌblɪk ˈtrænzɪt/

phương tiện công cộng

Investing in public transit can reduce private car usage.

Emission

n

/ɪˈmɪʃən/

khí thải

Electric vehicles help reduce carbon emissions.

Pedestrian-friendly

adj

/pəˈdestriən ˈfrendli/

thân thiện với người đi bộ

City planners aim to create more pedestrian-friendly streets.

Commute time

n

/kəˈmjuːt taɪm/

thời gian di chuyển

Remote work eliminates daily commute time.

Gridlock

n

/ˈɡrɪdlɒk/

kẹt xe toàn diện

The city centre was in complete gridlock during rush hour.

Carpooling

n

/ˈkɑːˌpuːlɪŋ/

đi chung xe

Carpooling reduces fuel consumption and traffic volume.

Freight transport

n

/freɪt ˈtrænspɔːt/

vận tải hàng hóa

Rail is widely used for long-distance freight transport.

Autonomous vehicle

n

/ɔːˈtɒnəməs ˈviːɪkl/

xe tự lái

Autonomous vehicles could revolutionise urban mobility.

Pothole

n

/ˈpɒthəʊl/

ổ gà (trên đường)

Poorly maintained roads are full of potholes.

Toll road

n

/təʊl rəʊd/

đường thu phí

Drivers must pay to use the toll road.

Bicycle lane

n

/ˈbaɪsɪkl leɪn/

làn đường dành cho xe đạp

Many European cities provide bicycle lanes for safety.

Shuttle bus

n

/ˈʃʌtl bʌs/

xe buýt tuyến ngắn

A shuttle bus operates between the airport and the city centre.

Overcrowded

adj

/ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/

quá tải, đông đúc

Trains are often overcrowded during peak hours.

Fare

n

/feə/

tiền vé

Ticket fares have increased due to rising fuel prices.

Intersection

n

/ˌɪntəˈsekʃən/

ngã tư

Traffic lights at intersections help regulate vehicle flow.

Road maintenance

n

/rəʊd ˈmeɪntənəns/

bảo trì đường bộ

Regular road maintenance prevents accidents.

Mobility

n

/məʊˈbɪlɪti/

khả năng di chuyển

Improved mobility encourages tourism and trade.

Traffic regulation

n

/ˈtræfɪk ˌreɡjʊˈleɪʃən/

luật giao thông

Strict traffic regulations reduce accidents.

Peak hour

n

/piːk ˈaʊə/

giờ cao điểm

Public transit is more crowded during peak hours.

Parking shortage

n

/ˈpɑːkɪŋ ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/

thiếu chỗ đậu xe

Parking shortage is common in city centres.

Ride-hailing service

n

/raɪd ˈheɪlɪŋ ˈsɜːvɪs/

dịch vụ gọi xe (Grab/Uber)

Ride-hailing services have transformed urban transport habits.

High-speed rail

n

/ˌhaɪ spiːd reɪl/

đường sắt cao tốc

Japan is famous for its efficient high-speed rail system.